| Summary: | (Collar on uniform indicates rank of colonel, but the button arrangement is that of a brigadier general.) Graduated from West Point, 1829; Seminole War and Mexican War veteran. Resigned his U.S. Army commission in April 1861 and was appointed as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army in May 1861. Promoted to full general in August 1861. Major campaigns and battles include First Manassas, Seven Pines (wounded), Vicksburg, the Atlanta campaign, and the Carolinas. After the war, Johnston pursued several business ventures in Georgia and Virginia, and served in Congress. He died in March 1891 and is buried in Baltimore, Maryland. Sources: Boatner, Mark M. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: Vintage Books, 1988. Davis, William C., ed. The Confederate General. Vol. 3. National Historical Society, 1991.
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