| Summary: | (Photograph retouched to show him in a brigadier general's uniform.) Graduated from West Point, 1837; Seminole War and Mexican War veteran. Resigned his U.S. Army commission in April 1861 to join the Confederate cause and was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Provisional Army of Virginia in April 1861. After promoting through the grades, Pemberton was promoted to brigadier general in June 1861, major general in January 1862, and lieutenant general in October 1862. Major campaigns and battles include Port Royal and the Vicksburg campaign (captured). Following the loss of Vicksburg, many Southerners believed Pemberton had betrayed the South, so he was unable to hold major command. He resigned his lieutenant general rank and was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Artillery as an ordnance inspector. After the war, Pemberton settled in Virginia as a farmer. He died in Penllyn, Pennsylvania, in July 1881 and is buried in Philadelphia. Sources: Boatner, Mark M. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: Vintage Books, 1988. Davis, William C., ed. The Confederate General. Vol. 5. National Historical Society, 1991.
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